Equity Loan Lenders

consultancy fees).

By delaying the call of investor funds, the IRR on exits is improved, as the cost of the EBF is lower than expected by the investor. In addition, the duty of care exercised by lenders is usually restricted to the authority of the managers or the general partners with respect to the documentation of the funds, any collateral letter concluded with shareholders and subscriptions.

At the heart of the duty of care lies the duration of the obligation, the limitations on borrowing and collateral and, where appropriate, the guarantees provided by the funds, the right of the limit owners to assign their obligations to third party and to discharge their obligations, as the principal collateral is the right of the creditor to call up any unutilised obligations under the fund's documentation and any (future or present) claim, demand, right or advantage of the funds resulting from or relating to the fund's documentation.

Thus, for example, for British borrower a proxy is issued by the general partners to the creditor. In the case of Luxembourg borrower, the administrator or general partners and the Luxembourg borrower shall grant to the creditor an assigned guarantee, together with a pledging on the credit or's debit side of the fund's accounts and an assigned right to the creditor to demand from the investor of a Luxembourg borrower the immediate repayment of all sums due under the EBF by the investor of a Luxembourg borrower's funds.

There are significant differences in the loan amount in practical terms, which range from ?50 million to over ?500 million. The lenders usually calculate the maximal possible loan amount as a proportion of the pledges made by "qualified investors" (e.g. 80 per cent of the pledges made by AAA-rated investors) who are subjected to a "haircut" (e.g. 20 per cent, which applies to those whose share in the overall obligations exceeds 20 per cent).

Cases in which an issuer can be apologised for or his obligation transferred are therefore critical for the creditor. Qualified depositors comprise banks, either publicly or privately owned retirement benefit schemes, depositors with a value in excess of an amount specified by the creditor, depositors who meet the credit assessment agency's criteria (as specified in the credit agreement), and such other depositors as the creditor may decide at its own discretion, as from the creditor's point of view the level of the investment basis should not change for the life of the EBF.

Debt cost depends on fund sizing, investor exposure and key 2014 last quarterly trend, which include a 1.85 to 2.25 per cent spread for EBFs issued over 1-3 years, a commit interest of between 0.25 and 0.50 per cent, and a brokerage between 0.25 and 0.75 per cent.

i) call for principal is normally sent to the investor 10 to 20 calendar days before the redemption date of the facilities; ii) spread is calculated by referring to the interest rate cycle, i.e. it may be one, two or three month interest or any other cycle arranged with the creditor.

At the end of the Interest Term, the spread is either paid or, alternatively, capitalized; (iii) the borrower generally prefers an untied rather than a tied credit line to contain the cost of the loan; and (iv) the key ratios are often determined at a 1:1 relationship between indebtedness and qualified investors.

1/ 1. 5, and a liability to the aggregate net asset value (NAV) and the qualified sponsor, the unused obligation rate of 1:2. 1. Five x the uncovered obligations of the investment fund's shareholders must be met at all times. 1. Five x the uncovered obligations must be met. Mortgagors or sureties declare that the "excused" unused obligations of depositors do not extend beyond the aggregate unused obligations of depositors and that there are no other lenders of the funds or the Mortgagor SPV other than the Administrator.

i) the commitment of the managers or the funds to retrieve a minimal amount from the funds' depositors at an appointed rate; ii) the commitment of the managers or the funds to disclose information about the investors' obligations (e.g. non-payment, exclusions, keys, excused depositors ); iii) the commitment of the managers or the funds, except as provided in the safety margin policy, to disclose all necessary information to enable the lenders to publish drawing announcements (e.g.

iv ) no distributions by the Company for as long as the funds are due under the Facilities or when an Event of Delinquency has arisen; v) no borrowings during an important man meeting and when there has been a Management Control Transition;

vi ) a disallowance of the unclaimed obligations of the investor; vi ) a disallowance of the unclaimed obligations of the investor; vi ) a disallowance of the unclaimed obligations of the investor; viii ) a disallowance of the unclaimed obligations of the investor to a pawned cash deposit accounts; andiii ) a disallowance of the investor to track any defaulted investor and to demand repayment of the deficit to the other unclaimed investor. Similar to the assurances and guarantees, defaults vary according to the nature of the funds but generally comprise them: the defaults are the same as in the case of guarantees and warranties:

i) the dismissal of the executive in the event of bankruptcy; ii) the liquidation of the funds; iii) a liquidation level (usually 5-20% of unused liabilities are cancelled); iv) a bankruptcy level (usually 5-20% of shareholders become insolvent); v ) a delinquent threshold of issuers (if issuers do not meet their obligation to finance their unused obligations); vi ) a trigger level (if an issuer's unused obligation is assigned to a third person after the conclusion of the Loan Agreement); and vii ) an exempt level of issuers (if issuers are exempt from compliance with a Subscription Notice).

In-depth analyses of the asset allocation and the investors are always crucial in order to determine the parameters of the EBF to be awarded to a given mutual funds, in particular with regard to the possible effects on the cost of equity of the third-party creditor (e.g. risk/return split, solution design for banks, etc.).

Prudential oversight of the funds and their shareholders is also required in order to determine whether an EBF is preferred to capital funding, to determine the length of the funding and to monitor the overall effect of the funding on the fund's shareholders (e.g. the effect of Solvency II on the funding of the funds and the applicable rules on insurance).